Franklin Notes

Ok, well I realize these notes are pretty late but I didn't see them up here and I figured I would add them. Not sure anyone will look at them but whatever.

General Prologue

-Accompanies the Man of Law
-Outgoing and Optimistic
-Loves to eat bread dipped in wine.
-Epicurean lifestyle hedonistic
-great landowner
-compared to St. Julian, for his hospitality.
-he owned great food and ale, and it snowed food and drinks in his house.
-his menus changed with seasons.
-coop populated with fat birds, and his pond has bream and pike.
-his table is always set and ready to eat.
-presides as lord at county sessions, and is member of Parliament for his county.
-social climber.
- has served as king's administrative officer and auditor for his county.
-A dagger and a silk pouch hangs from his white belt.
-He is a "Worthy Gentleman"
-A non noble land holder, lots of land with no noble title, franklins became more common as middle class buys more land.

Tale Prologue:

Franklin Interrupts the squire, but does so with obsequiously praises which takes skill to not offend them.
Franklin then is urged to tell his tale. He says he will try and relate an old Breton Lay.
Lay is a romance literature short rhymed tales of Love and Chivalry.
Then asks for forgiveness for his homely style and speech.

Tale

In Brittany a knight named Arveragus falls in love with a lady named Dorigen, who is of noble lineage and out of reach. However Dorigen agrees to marry him. Arveragus leaves for Britain, Dorigen becomes grief stricken and fears for his life. A squire named Aurelius has been secretly in love with Dorigen. He is one of the best conditioned men alive. He declares his love for her. Dorigen rejects him saying she will love if only if he can get rid of all the black rocks on the coast. ( so that Arveragus can return without crashing on the rocks, she knows that this is impossible and will certainly deter Aurelius from furthering his love for her). So Aurelius prays for a giant tide. But it doesn't work. Him and his brothers go to Orleans to meet a magician to make the rocks disappear. It works and Aurelius and Dorigen must become lovers. She goes to Arveragus and he says that truth is the highest thing and she must be Aurelius' lover. Aurelius lets Dorigen return to her husband because her love is so great for Arveragus. Frankling ends with a quest of who the most noble.

Thats everything I have on the Franklin. If you need the 140 tale summary I think pd. 6/7 has a good one to use =P.

-Matt

The parsons tale summary

a traditonal. 3 part church sermon on the "pilgrimage" though life to heaven and what must be done to achieve that.
He explains that penitence: contrition, confession, and satifaction;that they are what must be done to be free of sin and make it to heaven.
He then explains the types of sins and each of the 7 deadly sins: pride, envy, ire, sloth, avarice, glottony and lechery.
Lastly he discribles the perfect, burden free vison of heaven.

The parson-persentation notes

The Parson
A priest of an independent parish church, which is not under the control of a larger, monastic/ecclesiastical organization (not corrupt)
Who’s the parson, gen. prlg
Country parson
Poor, intelligent, and patient
Brother of the plowmen
Never gave tithes, shared his own money with those who needed it
Walked his large parish, rain or shine, to check on his parishioners
Wanted to set a good example
Teaches that he practices what he preaches
Lives his life by what he teaches others
says “if gold shall rust, what shall poor iron do?”
Travels by foot
Carries a stave

The parsons prg
The last to tell a tale
Won’t tell a story just to entertain
He wants to educate
Not a tale, a Church sermon
About the most perfect pilgrimage, the journey threw life to make it to heaven
Modestly says he’s not a learned man, and will happily accept corrections.
The host says that to end with something virtuous would be appropriate
He then thanks and blesses the parson
Tells him to finish before sundown
….it’s the longest tale of them all


The Parson’s Tale(sermon)
Relates life to a pilgrimage
From hard life on earth, to the stress free celestial world
God wants us all to continue on, to succeed in that pilgrimage.
there are many spiritual ways to make it to heaven
3 Part sermon
Part 1: penitence-contrition, confession, satisfaction.
Part 2: confession, sin and types of sin
Part 3: the seven deadly sins
3 Parts of Penitence Penance is repentance of sins
Contrition
mans sadness for sinning and intention of doing penance
Many, examples of what brings a man to contrition (ex. Fear of hell)
Confession
Admittance of sins to the priest
Satisfaction
living one’s life continuously without sin.



Penitence
3 functions of penitence
A man cannot be baptized and begin again if he’s not repentant for his prior sins
When a man sins after baptism
When you’re lifestyles adapted to day to day sins
3 Types of Penitence
Solemn- the church assigns him open penitence for an openly committed sin (Ex child slaughter)
Public- the church sends sinners in a group (ex. On a pilgrimage barefoot or in underwear)
Private- men do time for sins, penance in private
Penitence cont
3 things that anger the lord
Delight in what we think
Carelessness in what we say
Deeds that are wicked and sinful
True, perfect penitence
Contrition of heart
Confession of mouth
satisfaction
Confession
the act of admitting one’s sinfulness before a priest as part of penance in hopes of being absolved
Sin
the outcome of struggle for dominance between the mind and body
2 types of Sin
Venial- minor
Deadly-serious
The seven deadly sins
PRIDE
2 types
Can be visual
Garish clothing
Mental
Thinking your better than others
Remedy
Humility and meekness

ENVY
3 types
Sorrow over other’s goodness and prosperity
Joy over another’s misfortune
Belittling the goodness of his neighbor
Remedy
Loving god, your neighbor and yourself
IRE(anger)
2 types
Good
Man is angry at wickedness and against it
Wicked
Sudden anger for no good reason (venial)
Evil intent, anger seeking vengeance (mortal sin)
Remedy
Meekness, humility, and patience

SLOTH
Sluggish, moody, and peevish
Remedy
Strength, the despising of harmful things
AVARICE(covetousness)
Avarice- withholding what you have without real need
Covetousness- wanting what you don’t have.
These both Include land, goods, knowledge and glory
Remedy
Generous, mercy, pity

GLUTTONY
5 types
Drunkenness
Confusion as a result of drunkenness
Forgetfulness from being drunk
Devours food with no good manners
Eating until your sick
Remedy
Willing abstinence



LECHERY(lust)
6 types
premarital sex
Rob maiden of maidenhood
Man and wife regard sex as only a pleasure
Incest
Pollution(sex dreams)
Remedy
Chastity and continence

Conclusion
The parson describes the celestial world, a paradise.
Once foul dark body of man now brighter than the sun
No longer sick and fail, immortal and strong
Man no longer fears hell
Good company and happiness
No hunger, thirst, cold
All is replaced by the sight and perfect knowledge of god
Man my only reach heaven through spiritual poverty, the hardships of life until death and death of sin.

Analysis
Parson is the perfect priest, which contrasts to all the other church affiliated characters
Selfless, gives money doesn’t take
Truly all about god and living his life by the lords guidelines
Not corrupt
Like the plowmen and the knight they’re all the perfect image of what they're labeled
Both the parson and his brother are entirely devoted to God and are on the pilgrimage for no other reason than honoring their religion.
The story, being a traditional church sermon of that time period
People believed that life was pain and to be endured not enjoyed, to reach the ultimate goal of heaven.
was the perfect ending to their pilgrimage because it was about the great “pilgrimage” of life and what is required to achieve that goal
All the details he covers also augment the all the flaws in the other characters.

parson & plowman questions

92)what's Chauser's most obvious reason for including the parson
-To demonstrate the ideal clergyman against the other corupt characters

93) What character is most similar in nature to the parson?
-The Knight. He represents the perfect upperclass character, like the parson for the middle class. They have completely different statuses but they are the best at what they do.

94) What's the parson's position with regard to excommunication for unpaid tithes?
-He's opposed to it since he's apposed to the whole idea of tithes to begin with

95) What would he do for parishoners that could not pay?
-he would help however he could, even give his own money

96) What is the most obvious social critique offered by Chauser in the Parson's sketch?
- Of the 3 "ideal estates" the clergical ideal

97) What could the parson have done insted that would have earned him more money?
98) why doesnt he?
-He could have collected tithes, or scammed people with relics and forgiveness. Doing these things would not be what a good parson would do.

99) by what motto does the parson live by?
-"if gold rust, what shall poor iron do", if even the church is corupt than the citizens stand no chance.

100) what is the relation of the parson and plowmen.
-brothers

101)How are they similar in attitude?
-they are both completly worthy to god, the plowmens the perfect working class, like the parson the perfect clergimen

102) how does the plowmen express his religious nature?
- he's poor but does whatever he can to pay his tithes fully.an ideal, church devoted, everyday man.



~Adrienne s.

The Tale Summaries

I know this is late so I don't know if this will actually be helpful for anyone, but not everyone posted their tale summaries on the blog so I was studying a did some of the other ones and thought that other people could use them to study too.

The Knight't Tale
Palamon and Arcita were both exiled from Thesus's kingdom. They fall in love with Emily Thesus wife's sister and they fight for her love. They all pray for certain things on the day of the battle and in the end Emily ends up with Palamon, but everyones prayers are answered.

The Yeoman's Tale
The tale is about a cannon who uses the illegal practice of alchemy to scam a priest.

The Prioress's Tale
The is a little boy who learns and continues to sing the song o Alma Redemptoris. The Jews kill him for singing this song. The towns people kill the Jews for killing the boy. The Boy becomes a martyr.


The Cook's Tale
There was an apprentice named Perkin who like girls and gambling. His master fired him for his unlawful behavior. He left his master's house and ended up at a whorehouse with theives.

The Physician's Tale
Is about Virgina, Appiusm and Virignius. Appius loves Virgina. Virignius gives Virgina the option to die as an honerable virgin or marry Appius. She decides to die an honerable virgin. Appius kills himself- sin has no good ending.

The Squires Tale
Takes place at a party for king or Sarai. At the party a knight presents Canacee the kings daughter with three gifts. She uses the gifts to help a falcon who feels useless because her husband left her for a kite.

I hope somebody can use this.

Kiera

Man of Law's Tale

The tale is about a perfect Christian girl, Constance. She is framed of murder, almost raped and sent to sea, but uses prayer to keep her alive and out of trouble.

The Reeve's Tale

Simkin, a rich miller, steals from two students, who were trying to trick him. They get their revenger on Simking by seducing his wife and daughter and then beating him.

-Kara Schroeder

My bad for being late but here are the two summaries.

Merchant’s Tale

The Merchant’s Tale is a story about an old knight who marries a young beautiful girl. The young girl is viewed as evil and cheats on her husband and then tricks him.

Shipman’s Tale

The tale is about a merchant who has an expensive wife. He goes off to do business and his best friend cheats on her. Then the merchant has to submit to her authority.

-Sebastian Jaskowski

questions and tale summeries

The Student

53. The student is really really thin/ skinny and threadbare, even his horse is thin and frail looking.

54. & 55. The student doesn't care. He doesn't care about his apperence or his horses apperence because all he cares about is books and learning. He is poor but when he does get money from friends he spends it on books and learning, not food or cloths.

Student's tale summery-
Walter a marquees needs a wife. He marries poor girl Griselda. Everyone likes her shes perfect. Walter tests her pretending children killed. She finds out, happy end.


The Miller

103. He is big, rudy, and coarse. He has red hair and a full red beard, he even has a wart on the tip of his nose with red hair sprouting from it. Red hair people where considered to be hot tempered people(devil sign). HE has big black nostrils and a big loud mouth.

104. Wrestling

105. The miller breaks through doors, he walks though them by running into them with his massive head.

106. He likes to talk about himself

107. He has a gold thumb. A gold thaumb is when he weighs grains for customers he slyly rests his hand/thumb on the scale so that it weights more then it really does. This way he gets a little more money. If he does this all the time to everybody he's making alot more money. The Millers dirty and peasenty apperence as well as the loud way he acts is pretty much a big huge fake. People would never expect him to be smart and a good business man, but he is, and that's the whole point.

108. The Miller plays the bagpipes. They are a loud instument and he is deffinetly a loud guy. He is at the front of the line leading the way and playing the bagpipes out of town. The Reeve is far behind him at the end because they can't stand each other and the Reeve wants to be far away from the Miller.

Miller's tale summery-
John, Nicolas, Absalon love Alison. John, Alisons husband falls, Absalon kisses but, gets farted on, Nicolas cheats with Alison and gets burned on butt.

Sophia Meyers

Summoners Tale

A selfish friar begged for more food than he could eat. He tried to get and old ill man to give him money and the old man refused because the friar had never truly helped him. 137 characters

Marc

2nd Nun's Tale

Saint Cecilia converted many people to Christianity during Roman times. She spread the word of Christianity and died for her cause and was made a saint by Pope Urban.    137 characters

Marc

The Wife of Bath's Tale

The Wife of Bath’s tale is about a man who committed the crime of rape. His punishment was to go and find out what women most desire which is sovereignty.

128 characters

Sorry I waited so long to do this. I am going to try to put up the questions for the monk and wife of bath sometime later today.

Kiera

The Monk's Tale

The monk’s tale is a collaboration of 17 different stories about 17 different men who were all once great but eventually lost everything.

117 characters

Kiera

The Pardoner and the Nun's Priest

The Pardoner
Flemish dunk idiots go out to kill death. A sad old man tells them where death is. They find gold underan oak tree. They all get greedy and end up killing each other.
135 Characters

The Nun's Priest
Chanticleer has a premonition of his own death. A fox tricks him and Chanticleer almost gets eaten. He tricks the fox and escapes and flies up a tree to safety.
130 Characters

~Justin

Manciple Presentation

Ok, sorry for taking up 3 posts today... This one is just the link for my presentation just in case you lost/ didn't get my packet. Please let me know if the link doesn't work.

Link

-Matt

Friar and Manciple Tale Summaries

Friar's Tale Summary: (138 Characters)

A summoner goes to a widow's house. Finds a Yeoman along the way. The Yeoman turns out be the Devil. The widow curses the summoner to hell. The Devil takes him to hell.

Manciple's Tale Summary: (139 Characters)

Apollo has a crow and wife. Crow can talk like man. The wife cheats on Apollo, the crow watches. Crow tells Apollo. Apollo kills wife. Turns Crow black and makes him caw.

Ok, hope these make sense. They are short and choppy but we don't have much space to work with.

-Matt

Friar and Manciple Answers

The Friar:

41. How does Chaucer describe the behavior of the Friar? Forgiving, kind, courteous and humble.

42. How is the Friar supposed to spend his time? Hearing confessions and helping the poor.

43. What easy service does he provide for the people in the towns he visits? Confession

44. What does he expect in return? Money or Sex

45. Why does he feel he can do this? He's greedy, and if they don't hell make them have a worse penance, and they have a fear of hell.

46. What does he carry to give to pretty young wives? Why? Knives and Pins; to get laid.

47. In what location does he prefer to spend his time? Taverns

48. With what people is he supposed to work? Lepers

49. What does his dress say about him? He likes money, he's an excellent beggar and that he's not following the law of the friar.

The Manciple:

109. What is the Manciple's handicap? He's illiterate.

110. For whom does he work, and what does he do? What made him successful at it? He works an Inn of Court (Lawyer's Association). His job is to buy food and supplies for the court. He is street smart and very deceiving. He is able to get the price lower by being the first one at the market and buying bulk of lower quality food and then telling his bosses that it was high quality.

111. Asking about tomorrow!

112. What could they show him how to do, if he would only ask? They would teach him how to be literate.

113. With what other character does he share an occupation relationship? How? I believe it is the Cook. He gives the food and supplies to the cook for him to make the meals.

-Matt

Mr. Laz's Notes

The Yeoman and The Canon's Yeoman

The Yeoman

• Yeoman translated means "Young man"
• In the middle ages, yeoman was a term to describe a middle class rank
• The Assize of Arms of 1252 required all Yeoman to be trained and armed with a bow and arrow, sword buckler and dagger.
• Yeoman were often used as armed guards and front-line infantry troops for members of nobility
• Given higher duties than the servants and peasants
• Think of them as the equivalent to the modern day "blue collar" work force

The Yeoman in the general prologue

• one of the knight's followers
• introduced as a forester (wood craft, hunting and wilderness survival)
• Carries a bow in one hand and has a sheaf of peacock feathered arrows, which are all well kept and ready for battle (this marks him as professional)
• wears a green coat and hood
• wears a bracer (forearm guard) and carries a sword and buckler (small shield) on one side, on the other side he carries a dagger
• wears a Saint Christophers medal
• also has a horn hanging over his shoulder on a green baldric (belt)

The Canon's Yeoman

• Canon, an ordained member of the clergy assigned to a cathedral (accompanied by his yeoman- different yeoman than the general prologue yeoman)
• Arrive later than the general prologue, They hurry to catch up to the rest of the group on the pilgrimage
• the canon is asked to tell a tale right when he gets there, the yeoman responds with that if they knew the canon and how great he was then you know he can tell a great tale.
• the canon is an alchemist (an individual who practices the medival pseudo- science that sought to transform base metals into precious ones)
• Alchemy was banned by the church, punishable by death
• The canon doesn't want everyone to know this
• Soon the Canon runs away because he is ashamed and he left the Yeoman to tell the tale.
• The canon is a con-man who works for the church

2 parts

Part 1

• Yeoman has worked witht he canon for 7 years
• he describes many attempts to succeed at alchemy
• The Canon tried to create the Philosopher's stone, but failed and lost all their money
• The Canon blames an invisible demon for breaking the pot and therefore that was his failure

Part 2

• he describes an unscrupulous Canon who scams a priest into buying a recipe that will turn quicksilver and coal into silver
• the canon asks the priest for a loan of gold, the priest insisters on prompt repayment
• the Canon returns the next day with the loan amount
• the Priest wants to know how to create his own gold, after finding out the Canon's secret
• The Canon sets up a scam, hollows out one of the coals and fills it with silver and fools the priest.
• the priest says he must have the recipe so the canon agrees to sell it to him
• the priest borrows the money from anyone he can and gives it to the Canon
• Then the Canon promptly leaves town before the priest realizes that he has been scammed.
• The Yeoman ends his tale with.. "Men should not try to cheat others because it will only come back to hurt them in the end"

-Kara Schroeder

(thats everything i had written down, if i left anything out just add it on)

Meeting to do the review?

Hey, so just following up with the idea that I had in class... do you guys wanna meet up and go over the questions or just write the answers to the questions for your character... just trying to make it easier for everybody.. lemme know...

--- Molly

The Shipman

General Prologue
Physical Description
- Rode a hackney (riding horse)
- Wore a gown with thick clothing hanging to his knees
- Dagger on a chord around his neck
- Dark colored face
- Lived out west in Dartmouth town
- Chaucer describes him as “Certainly he was a good fellow

Other Facts
- He drank wine while the trader slept (merchant)
- Liked to fight and get the upper hand against people
- His job sailing was dangerous, been involved in a tempest (storm)
- He was wise, could navigate using the stars, and seen many places
- Named his ship Madeleine

Shipman’s prologue-
- Host applauds the previous tale
- Asks the priest to tell a tale
- Parson does not want the priest to tell a tale
- Shipman says that he doesn’t need to hear the gospel and no one else because they all believe in God
- Says that he will tell a happy story

Shipman’s Tale
- A rich merchant lived in Saint Denis
- Had a very beautiful wife that was social and happy
- She was very expensive, he bought he clothes and other fine things so that she looked more beautiful
- He was a generous man and had a noble house
- There was a young, handsome monk named Dan John of about 30 years
- The monk was over the merchant’s house often, they were really good friends, like a brotherhood
- Monk was generous tipping the pages (servants) and giving gifts to the merchant

Merchant leaves
- Merchant was ready to leave for Bruges where he was going to trade
- Invited Dan John over to Saint Denis to see the merchant and his wife before he left
- He drank and ate with the monk for two days
- On the third day he goes to his counting house to check his books on trades to see what he spent the last year and if it was good
- Was not disturbed when he was reading his books on trade

Conversation
- Dan John woke up and prayed in the garden
- Wife asks why he woke up so early
- He is worried about the wife that she didn’t get sleep
- She was having sex with the merchant and reveals that she has no lust for the merchant
- John promises to keep this a secret between them
- They made an agreement to keep secrets and they kissed
- Complains about her husband and says that she loves him
- Describes an ideal husband for herself, “Hardy, and wise, and rich, and therewith free, Obedient to the wife, and fresh in bed.”
- Says that she owes a hundred francs and begs John for the money and agrees to do he wants with her (sex)
- He feels bad for her and says that he will give her the money
- He grabbed her by the flanks (around the hips) and kissed her
- They depart and the wife goes to her husband in the counting-house
Affair
- She asks him to leave his accounts to go to Mass, he refuses telling her that two of twelve merchants survive
- That night the three dined together and after dinner the monk pulls the merchant aside and asks him for one hundred francs
- He lends the monk the money (only the two of them knew about the loan) telling him to pay it back when possible
- The monk goes back to the abbey and in the morning the merchant travels to Bruges to do his trading
- The first Sunday back the monk went to Saint Denis
- He came with a freshly shaved head and beard
- And in turn for lending the wife the money he got to have sex with her all night which he did
- He left her house at dawn and no one suspected them

Merchant Returns
- After a successful trip, the merchant came home from Paris
- He is happy to see his wife and tells her about the successful trip
- He then goes to see the monk who is happy to see him
- The merchant says that he left the money with his wife
- The merchant goes home to find his wife waiting for him and has sex all night
- The wife doesn’t tell the merchant that she received money from the merchant and becomes angry thinking that other people in debt may have given her money without him knowing
- She then answers that she did receive money from the monk and should get to keep it
- Because she is really spending it for him, to look good for his honor
- So she says that she will give her body to the merchant if she gets to keep the money
- So the merchant sees that there is no option so he agrees to this
- But asks her to conserve their money

--SEBASTIAN JASKOWSKI

The Merchant

General Prologue-

Physical Description- forked beard

- Wore motley (multi-colored, varied) gown with a belt around it

- Flemish beaver hat and boots

- Sat on a high horse

Mentioned-

- Speaking straight to the point

- Speaks of times where he won (confidence)

- Smart man and looked after all his trading

- Was a “worthy man”

Merchant’s Prologue-

- Merchant hates his marriage

- She is referred to as a “foul Fiend” and “shrewd in all”

- He is trapped and cannot escape referred to as a “snare”

- Swears and reaches out to St. Thomas of India “and he shall truly find I tell the truth, by Saint Thomas of Ind,”

- Says that he has been married two months

- Says that the only time a man is alive is when he is not married “And yet I think that he whose days alive have been all wifeless

- The host wants to hear of his marriage

- The merchant says that he cannot say anymore about his life because it is too sad, but he will tell a tale of marriage

Merchant’s Tale

- Once there was a worthy knight named January that live in Lombardy

- When he turned sixty he wanted to get married, might have been for piety or dotage (growing old)

- Says how having a wife is a glorious thing, a symbol of wealth and glory that will last after he dies

- Says an unmarried man lives in freedom and not under arrest

- A married man lives an ordered, moderate, but a happy life because of his wife

- Says that wife is God’s gift and will last longer than any Fortune

- Says how Adam was made and needed a partner for him, so God man Eve

- Describes marriage as a “earthly paradise and means of sport”

- States other biblical examples of marriage like Abigail saving her husband Nabal

- Issac and Rebecca, how Rebecca deceived Issac into blessing Jacob rather than Esau which he favored

- Mentions good and bad stories to create a good and bad side of marriage

- So January is convinced to get married, preferably a young, beautiful wife

- Spent a day to listen to what his friends have to say about getting married

- Says how he way growing ill and old and wanted a wife younger than twenty years old

Argument between Placebo and Justinus

Placebo-

- Cites Solomon “Do everything by counsel, and then thou hast no cause to repent thee.” Saying that he should do exactly what he wants to be pleased

- Completely agrees and wants January to marry such a young girl

- Says how “Christ Himself your counsel would have praised and truthfully,”

Justinus-

- Cites what Seneca would say, “To take a wife without much advisement. Men must inquire, and this is my intent, whether she's wise, or sober, or drunkard, or proud, or else in other things forward, Or shrewish, or a waster of what's had, or rich, or poor, or whether she's man-mad …”

- Disagrees with January and Placebo, does not want him to marry a young wife

- January takes Placebo’s advice

- Starts preparing for a wedding and find a match out of the many women available, a woman named May

- She was known for her beauty but was “of small degree” (low social rank)

- January asks his friends again for arguments against his wish

- His concern of that if he is happy on earth he will not be equally happy in heaven

- Justinus says that being married will help him get t heaven but will be like purgatory on earth

- So January decides to marry May regardless

- The ceremony was joyous and lavish

- Venus the goddess of love laughs because January had become her knight

- There is such mirth (laughter) because “tender youth has married stooping age”

- At the end everyone cast spices around the wedding house

- Everyone was happy except for Damian, January’s squire who was in love with May

- January drank some wine and medical mixtures and took May home and had sex all night with her

- May found his sexual nature unless

Affair

- Damian wrote a love letter for May that he pinned to a silk purse next to his heart

- One day Damian was not attending January and the other squires covered for him saying that he was sick

- January sends May to tell Damian that January would soon visit him

- Damian gives the letter to May and she keeps it in her bosom afraid to get caught

- She reads the letter tears it up and flushes it in the toilet

- She relied to Damian by writing him a letter, putting it under his pillow and giving hima a secret handshake

- The next day Damian returns to serving January

- The narrator describes the beauty of January’s garden

- And how he only had the key to it and would have sex with May in the garden

- At this time January had gone blind and very possessive of his wife

- But May and Damian stayed in touch through letters and signs

- May imprinted the key to January’s garden in hot wax and Damian made a secret copy of it

- One day January wants to have sex in the garden so they go in the garden where Damian is already waiting

- She tells him to climb up into the tree full of fruit

- Tells a story of how Pluto and Proserpina are arguing about marriage

- Pluto wants to restore January’s vision and show him the betrayal

- Proserpina wants Damian to have sex with May because she talks about the evils which men do

- Pluto wants to restore his sight to prevent it but Proserpina ends the argument

- Damian is up in the tree and May says to January how she wants to pick and eat a pear

- January helps May into the tree and Damian and her start having sex

- When Pluto saw this he restored January’s sight

- When January saw this he asked what his wife was doing

- So May says that she had been told the best way of restoring his vision was to struggle with some man in a tree

- January says that she was having sex with a man

- May tries to plead her false medicine on January and that he isn’t seeing clearly

- January says that he can see perfectly

- So May rejoices and says how it worked and persuades January that she wasn’t having sex with Damian in the tree

- January is delighted, hugs and kisses her and strokes her stomach leading her home

- End with calling out to Holy Mary

Merchant’s Epilogue

- Host is disturbed by the story

- Says how women seem busy to deceive men

- Says how he has a shrew wife that talks a lot

Analysis-

The merchant is a wealthy man by the way he is dressed and is described to be skilled in his trade. In the prologue you find out how the merchant hates being married even though he has been married only a year. Shows how this character hates marriage and describes it through his tale. Chaucer isn’t really being negative about the merchant but he is exist towards women through this tale. Saying how they are evil in some aspects through his biblical mentions in the tale. Chaucer sees some good aspects of marriage but mostly negative. The main focus was on January and how he was faithful and less on May how she was wicked and evil. There is a sense of irony how the character may has sex with is Damian, which is the devil’s name. Also the have sex in a fruitful tree which is a symbol of fertility. So when January hold May’s stomach at the end she might be pregnant with Damian’s (devil) child.

-Sebastian Jaskowski

Friar Presentation

Since I didn't have a hand out I figured I would place the link to download my powerpoint.

I hope this works, let me know if anyone has problems with it.

Link : Presentation

-Matt

Class Notes

Canterbury Tale
1) Form (Frame Narrative)-
a) Dante- Wrote an epic, very popular
b) Bocachio- wrote Decameron- Frame Narrative
- 100 stories -10characters

2) Slice of Life

Knight-----------------------> Plowman

Sebastian Jaskowski

Coat of Arms Examples (all car logos)

~Adrienne

Canterbury Tales Audio Links

I found some audio recordings but i think that most of them are middle english recordings and not modern english but they might still help. I cant directlu copy the links cause I can't figure out how to do it but if you go to google and type in audio recordings - canterbury tales you get a good number of results some of the ones I looked at were the first two links and the 7th one down. If anyone finds a good one in modern english please let me know.


Kiera

Help the Donkey?

If I saw the donkey was in danger I would help it. I would put all the hate for the person aside because it wasn't the person you are helping its the poor donkey who cant handle all the weight.
I think that's why there is a lot of bad things in this world caused by hate, because if one person hates someone whey will not help out anyone else who related to them in some way.



Michael D.

Canterbury Tales

Does anyone have an audio version of the first 18 lines? If so post the link.

-Sebastian Jaskowski

standard field divisons and corresponding ordinary continuation of 10/28/09 notes

quaterly - christian served on crusades

pile inverted- represents wood used in bridge-building signifies construction building

Per saltire - St. Andrews cross - revolution/resolve - Scottland

Per pall inverted

Per pale - military strength fortitude

per cheveron inverted

per bend sinister

A pale - military strenght/fortitude

Per fess - military- A FESS- belt signifies honor

A cross - Christian- crusades

A cheveron - represents roof of house - signifies protection- faithful service

A bend - knights scarf signifies defense





These are most of the standard field divisions and corresponding ordinary. There are some of the variations of each shield missing but at least on of each type of shield is represented. Additionally, I was not able to find a picture of the chief the shield-meaning dominion -authority,wisdom,achievement in battle. Also I was not able to find pictures of fess wise, bend wise or pale wise. But they are the same types of shields - fess (horizontal)- bend(diagonal) - and pale (vertical) simply wise shield just have charges in the directions of the type.

I hope this helps

Kiera

Heraldry Notes 10/28/09

A PROPER CHARGE

• proper= colored with the most common colors found in nature for that object.
• A zebra proper-black and white stripes
• tree proper - brown trunk and green leaves
• sword proper-argent blade and Or hilt
• rose proper-rose gules barbed vert and seeded Or
• The term proper should only be used to indicate colorings that cannot be described in the heraldic language
• raven proper is just a raven sable - all ravens are uniformly black
• proper as the natrual colors of a charge must be unambigous
• - a robin proper
• - brown bear proper
• - tree proper
• If the charge can come in different colors do not call it proper! consider a horse, how many different colors can a horse be?
• Proper should also only be used if a competent artist will be able to draw the animal correctly without extensive research
• The rule "metal color and color on metal" is not always used when the charge is proper

DIVIDING THE SHIELD

• Most early shilds were undivided
• But as time went on and COA became more complex, the shield often became segmented because:
• -marriage
• -disputes between families
• -recepit of new honors (from a monarch)
• -new accomplishments (victory in battle)

SHIELD DIVISIONS EXAMPLE:

• a shield divided diagonally upper right to lower left -PERBEND
• blue on top-AZURE
• black on bottom-SABLE
• silver lion w. tounge out standing on hind legs - PER BEND AZURE AND SABLE A LION LANGUE RAMPANT ARGENT

THE NEW JERSEY COAT OF ARMS

• the blazon:
• three proper ploughs(proper) in an escutcheon(type of shield), azure; supporters liberty and ceres
• The godess liberty-carry in her dexter hand a pole proper surmounted by a cap gules w. band azure at the bottom displaying on the band 6 stars, argent; tresse falling on sshoulders proper; head bearing overall a chaplet of laurel leaves vert; overdress tenne; underskirt argent feet sandled standing on scroll.
• ceres save as liberty, same overdress, gule, holding in left hand a cornucopia bearing apples, plums and grapes, surrounded by leaves all proper; head bearing over all a chaplet wheat by soverign's helmet, 6 bars, OR
• Wreath and mantling: argent and azure
• Crest: a horses head proper
• underneath the shield supporting the godesses a scroll azure, border with tenne in 3 waves or fold on the upper folds the words liberty and prosperity on the under fold in arabic numerals the figure 1776

NJ MILITARY CREST

• the state military crest used in the COA of units of the national guarded granted by what is now the army institute of heraldry
• blazoned "a lions head erased or collare four fuils gules."

ASSIGNMENTS

• take a look at the COA of college of choice with basice research identify their heraldic elements. what do the COAS tell you about your schools that you didnt know before
• keep and on going log of heraldic elements and charges crests, full COAs that you come across and share them
• 18 lines due on monday!

NOTES OCTOBER 28, 2009

Kiera

Monday, Oct. 26th 09 Notes

Shape of the Shield Con't.

Women can use shields today

Shield Colors

-In heraldry colors are called "tinctures"

- 9 main tinctures

-2 metals (light)

-7 colours (dark)

-Names of the tinctures mainly come from the French

-1st rule of tincture, metal never on metal, nor color on color

-to improve contrast because it was difficult t do

Tinctures

Color Meaning

-Or Gold Metal Generosity

-Argent (silver-white) Metal Peace, Sincerity

-Purpure (purple) Regal, Justice

-Gules (red) Warrior, Martyr

-Azure (blue) Strength, Loyalty

-Vert (green) Hope, Loyalty in Love

-Sable (black) Constancy, Grief

-Tenne or Tawny (orange) Worthwhile, Ambition

-Sanguine or Murray (maroon) Victorious, Patient in battle

Assembling the C.O.A.

Field= the background color of the shield

Charge= "things you place on the shield"

-can be animals, objects or geometric constructs

- The simplest type of shield has only 1 main charge

Charges

Common Charges

-Lions

-Leopards

-Eagle

-Boars

-Gryphons

-Fish/Dolphin

-Marlets

Rarely Used

-Unicorn

-Dragon

Charges Con't

-From the shields prospective the default position for animal is "dexter"

-Looking to the left is "sinister"

-Animal looking directly at the viewer is "gardant"

flying-volant

walking- passant

sitting-sejant

swimming- (i can't read my handwriting...)

leaping- salient

lying down- couchant

standing on hild legs- rampant

-Animal shown langue (tongue sticking out) denotes fierceness

-Head of an animal cut off at the neck is couped if cut is straight

-Erased if it looks if the animals head has been ripped off

Other Charges

-Different kinds of animals

-Heads of animals

-Parts of body parts

-Geometric Shapes

-Flowers and Leaves

-Crowns and Anchors

-Stars and Heart

-"the label" (first born son)

Blazonry, Part 1

-a shield with a Green field

- a gold lion with its tongue out

-in profile standing on his hind legs

Thus, in heraldry terms:

Vert, a lion langue rampant Or

(start with background color, then type of charge, discription of charge, color of charge)

-Molly M (thanks for reminding me Kiera)

Notes 10/22 and 10/23

Sorry it took me so long to get them up Mol.

Kiera

The medieval art of heraldry‏

The medieval art of heraldry‏
How to make your own coat of arms

COAT OF ARMS(COA)

• one man in armor looks at another during TMA knights used a coat of arms to identify each other during battle. You wanted to know who was coming toward you so you could know which side they were on.
• -n society where few ppl. could read and write COA became an instant method for identification
• COA later took on further significance and meanings -most notable they became a way of showing membership in the aristocracy
• Arms remained popular for usually identifying a person in other ways
• Impressed in sealing wax on official documentsEngraved on family tomb
• The descent of arm was and remains strictly regulated by influencePopular associations of COA with person all bested of a surname is a misconception

CURRENT USUAGE

• COA are used widely primarily as a way to give the members of a group or organization feeling of aristocracy-upperclassness the sense of elite membership in something special
• COA-(both offical and invented) are commonly associated with countries, cities, states, businesses, military units, colleges ect.

EXAMPLES:

• Moorestown police, rutgers university, baltimore ravens, Cadillac, uss new York-marine support cruiser - all non family

HERALDRY

• Heraldry is the science and art if describing COA(armorial bearings)

THE HERALD

• Heralds- become the people skilled in the description of coa
• Blazon- to describe a shield in words using heraldic terms
• Emblazon- to draw /paint a shield from a blazon
• To herald to announce -announce the identiy - translate images to words

EXAMPLES: The coat of arms of saskatchewan canada

• 7 basic componets of COA:
• shield- most early element of coa
• helm-crest/wreath
• mantling
• supporters
• motto /scroll
• compartment

THE COMPARTMENT

• design placed beneath the shield, usually rocks, grassy mount- some sort of landscape upon which the supporters are depicted as standing
• landscape, seascape, piece of geography, notable landmark intended to represent the land held by the beared
• ex: western red Lillies - canada

THE MOTTO

• phrase or collection on words intended to describe the bearers motivation or intention
• typically depicted on a scroll under the arms or else above it as in scots heraldry
• traditionaly in latin or other romance languages (french or Italian) as well as in English or German
• ex: canada- multise gentibus vire - from many peoples strength -
• 3 waves

SUPPORTERS

• figures-Human or animal standing on either side of the shield
• often have local/historical significance
• ex: the royal lion of England and the indengonous white tail deer

THE HELM

• heraldric elements on the shield were often also used for the deocration of knightly elements
• used the shield most often-it then became common to include a helment as part of the coa above the shield (or some other form of headgear)
• in some system the rank if the bearer was reflected in the type of helmet
• ex: type of metal and the number of bars in the visor notably used in France
• the shield is gold and faces left a symbol of saskatchewan -sovereign status in the canadian confederation
• the practice of including a helm continued long after the actual use of such helmets ended- other types of headgear now used -i.e the crown
• Due to their traditionl non participation in combat clergy and woman traditionally displayed neither helm nor crest
• ex: former Bristish prime minister Margrat Thatcher

THE MANTALNG

• drapery tied to the helmet above the shield, forming a back drop for the shield
• orginally a depiction of the protective cloth
• covering worn by crusading knights from their helemets to stave off the element
• Usually is drawn or painted in stylized "tatter" as is cut to shreds from the sword- blows of battle and colored in the two primary colors of the overall COA

THE CREST/WREATH

• The term crest is often mistakenly used to refer to the entire COA - FAIL!
• The crest rest upon the hekm, usually on a wreath of twisted cloths in the two principal colors of the COA
• often animal (but not always)
• Crest can be used on their own (particularly when there is insufficent space to display the entire COA)
• ex: The beaver (Canada's national animal) holding a western red lily surmounted by the royal crown.

THE SHIELD

• The main part of the COA
• Derived from the orginal use of the shield by knights in combat
• oldest element- most difficult to understand

THE SHAPE OF THE SHIELD

1. 13th century
2. 14 th and 15 th
3. 12th iberian penisula
4. 16th French today
5. English -variant of 4
6. Venitian shield
7. di cavallo - horse head - renissance
8. en cartouche - renissance
9. The targe jousting shield - Germanic countries
10. The targe jousting shield - Germanic countries
11. Common clergy shield
12. Lozenge- Woman Shield

NOTES FRIDAY OCTOBER 23, 2009

Kiera

Unit 2 Norman Conquest

Unit 2 Norman Conquest

Plauge - middle class - skilled workers - merchant, clergical - cause the fall of french as the prestige language
-English vs. French - nobility prestige language didn't stay that way because then we would speak it today.
-Black plaguge hit largest in cities - large quantites of trash rats and population-Aristocracy survives but because many pesants die then the remaining pesants create the middle class.-Creates a class who has value who the aristocrats have to communicate eveyday

Geoffrey Chaucer (1200-1300)
-Moves english to be come prestigue language
-Born of th middle class
- could be come wealthy
-Became a servant in a royal household and worked his way up - became a member of the civil service
-Spent a lot of time in court - wrote poetry in EnglishLegit form of public expression Proves english is a language suitable for the arts and doing so legitimatized the language
-Canterbury tales his greatest works (14 orginal copies) copies not made unless someone wanted them

-Canterbury tales - canterburytales.org
-Frame narrative -pilgrams from London to Canterbury to visit the cathedral/shrine of thomas abeckett
-Narrative the pilgrams told the tales of pilgrams who made the journey. He wanted the 22 pilgrams who traveled to tell 2 on the way there and 2 on the way back


Assignments
-read the general prolouge
-memorization the 1st 18 lines of the Canterbury tales -the general prolouge

Bonus -options
1. Memorize in middle English as well as modern English and write
2. Memorize the modern English and recite it.
3. Memorize both modern and middle English and recite in middle English
* listen to online recordings

These are the notes from Thursday October 22, 2009


Kiera

Mythic Heroic Archetype

Does anyone know how Beowulf changes/ what new wisdom or knowledege he learns from the his fight with dragon?

We discussed the first two fights - Grendel and Grendel's mom but we didn't talk about the dragon.


Kiera

Sigemund and Hildeburh

I am still a bit confused about the story of Sigemund. I get that the author/narrator is trying to make a comparision between Sigemund and Beowulf, but I am still unsure of what that comparission is exactly. Does anyone know?

Also if someone could please explain to me the story of Hildeburh and the point of that story that would be great cause I am really confused about that also. And also what tribe is her brother the leader of I couldn't find the answer to that its number 18 b under celebration at herot in the packet.

I was going to ask Mr. Laz about this today but unfortunately we ran out of time. If anyone can help me with this at all I would really appreciate it.


Kiera

Packet Question

Does anyone know where in the story quote #21 is and who is saying it?

Marc

beowulf questions

hi
I was just a little confused with one of the questions in the packet. The Beowuf attacks the Dragon section at the end. #3 says what is his intention and #4 is what does he tell his warriors is his strategy? So would the Srategy be only fighting the dragon if he comes out of his barrow and onto the open ground to face Beowulf? And would his intention be vowing to fight? Cause i dont know if that makes sence.
And also in that section #5 What does he tell the warriors their role in the battle, and how does he justify it? Is their role just to stay behind? but then who are the compainions? Are they the same people, the 11, that go to investigate the sence earlier?
Sophie

Confusion about Celebration at Heorot ?'s

Hey,
So I was just going through some questions in the packet that I didn't really understand questions 3 and 4 in the Celebration at Heorot section... what does it mean by retainers?

Class Notes 9/25/09

1. Fusion between two seperate religons: Pagan nad Christian
yr. 500- "Comforatably pagan"-happy, no religious riverlry

Missionary Activity- Rome sent out missionarys to Anglo-Saxon's, they had no probem with it
-Strage balance between the two religons, slowly christianity took over

2. Beowulf- set in the time of equal balanced religons (Pagan/Christian)

Grendel-clain's clan (son of/decendent of evil)
Adam + Eve
Cain + Abel-Cain killed his brother Abel in the first testement ( the first murder ever)
In Beoulf the old testement is mostly referenced (God, Great flood)
1600's- King James bible, the most popular edition of the bible

3. WYRD- (pronounced wierd)- A. essential pagan concept
B. warrior culture
C. life not up to you, there is a plan (fate)
D. Warrior can inflence wyrd, wyrd can change his mind
E. a warriors action influence fate
F. very obident to the notion of honor (go to war and fight)

4. WERGILD- A. revenge/vengence, get even, an eye for an eye
B.Solution to this problem- "man price", you are worth money
C. you can pay off dept from killing or exile, if you cant pay walk away

5. Honor travels down (heretitary)
King-warlord/gangleader, conquer people, rule by violence
Thane-noble inservice to lord, loyal to king, but still recipricol
*Responsibility of leadership not just about taking/keeping it, it's loyalty-fight for your king

6. Mead Hall- Herorot, the center of town, later turned into castles

7. Kenning- a fanciful mtaphor to stand in place of an otherwise common word

EX: sword/warbiter, king/ring-giver
* The king would reward a warrior who fought in battle with a thick glod armband ring, if they did something bigger the reward would be greater, the best/biggeset reward is land

Sophia Meyers- i really have no idea who's turn it is for notes anymore but here are mine

Class 9/25/09

Hey. So no one put notes up for class on Friday so I am assuming that there wasn't any notes, but I was wondering if someone could tell me what we did in class on Friday cause I wasn't there.
Thanks
Kiera

Notes 9/21/09

The Toulmin sentence:
Because (grounds), therefore, or so (qualifier)(claim), since (warrant), because, or on account of (backing), unless (reservation)

Ex: Because of the new cell phone law, in most cases, no one should call while driving
(grounds) (qualifier) (claim)
since it is good to obey the law because if the law is broken it means a heavy fine unless
(warrant) (backing)
there is an emergency.
(reservation)

Write a Toulmin Sentence using
-Claim: people should wear seat belts
-support: there is a high rate of serious injury in accidents when seat belts are not worn
-warrant: serious injury should be avoided
-backing: serious injury is costly, painful, and dangerous
-qualifier: typically
-reservation: Seat belts should not be worn in cases where they may be dangerous, like on small children
-rebuttal: There is a high rate of serious injury when seat belts are worn.

(My sentence)
Because of vehicle accidents, typically, people should wear seat belts since serious injury should be avoided because serious injury is costly, painful, and dangerous and even though there is a high rate when seat belts are worn such as when a car goes underwater or bursts into flames, having a device to cut the seatbelt is better than not wearing a seatbelt at all.
(counterargument[claim])

Ex:
-claim: Sweetened soft drinks should be removed from the school's vending machines
-support: we're seeing increased obesity among teens in our school
-warrant: sweetened soft drinks lead to fat teens
-backing: obesity leads to heart disease and health problems
-qualifier: upon administrative approval
-reservation: sweetened foods should be available for people who need it in an emergency like diabetes
-rebuttal: teens should be encouraged to take responsibility for their own health and ,ake their own decisions

-Because of sweetened soft drinks making teens obese, upon administrative approval, sweetened drinks should be removed from the school's vending machines and should only be available for emergencies such as diabetics. Even though teens should be encouraged to take responsibility for their own health and make their won decisions, the school should provide a healthy way to choose to live.

Practice: Claim of fact
-Claim: students who work hard in high school do better in college
-support:
-warrant:
-backing:
-qualifier:
-reservation:
-rebuttal:

Practice: Claim of Value
-Claim: Faux news programs (e.g. "The Daily Show") are a great addition to television


Practice: Claim of Policy
-Claim: The US should (get out of/stay in) Iraq


Marc Cavalier

Notes 9/17/09

Arguments

Based on Generalization-
Common form. Whats true for a well chosen subject will likely be true for larger groups.
Ex. Claim: The dog is probably friendly.
Grounds: It's a golden retriever.
Warrant:(generalization) Most Golden Retrievers are Friendly

Analogy-
Extrapolating from one situation based on the outcome of a similar situation.
Found in Law-'case based' & 'precedent reasoning'(using an old case to define a current case)
Ex. "Life's like a box of chocolates.."
THE FALSE ANALOGY-"I can do___ well, thus I can also do___(unrelated thing) well too"

Via Sign or Clue-
The Idea that some evidence is the symptom/sign of a wider outcome.
Ex." where there's smoke there's fire"

Causal-
(the most complex of warrant forms) Event 'X' is the result of/is affected by factor 'Y'
DON'T MIX WITH CORRELATION- Just because events have a relationship doesn't always mean the relationship is causal.

Authority(ethos)-
Does person/ Text constitute an authoritative source on the issue?
The Authority's interests must be consistent with the issue, and is the issue something many authorities agree on, or just one?

Principal-
A Principle that is widely accepted and shows that a situation exists in which the principle apples.
Evaluation of principle-
Widely accepted? Accurately apples to the situation? commonly agreed on exceptions?

2ND Triad-backing,qualifier & rebuttal

The Backing-Gives more justification for the warrant(not always needed)
Ex. Claim: Use a hearing aid
Grounds: You've been having trouble hearing over 70% of people over age 65 have hearing aids
Warrant: Hearing aid help people hear better.
Backing: Hearing aids are conveniently available.

The Qualifier- States the degree of probability to be attached to the claim
Makes the argument a prediction not a definite.
Ex. of qualifier words: sometimes, maybe, might, many, few, possibly


~Adrienne

Notes 9/15/09

The Toulmin Model of Argument: The Path to Writing Better Essays

Stephen Toulim (March 25,1922-)

• British born philosopher
• Currently Henry R Luke Professor of Multiethnic and Transitional Studies at USC
• Became frustrated with the outline of essays submitted to him while teaching and invented his own form of essay writing.

Just Like Trivial Prusuit

• The Tolmin Model consists of six main points.
• claim
• grounds
• warrant
• backing
• rebuttal/reservation
• qualification

But I like Smaller Numbers

• Good, so does the Toumlin Model
• We start understanding the three ain points of the model.

The Claim

• Essentially the statement being argued-the assertion the arguer would like to make and have accepted as true by the audience
• Even though this is the point from which the writer starts to formulate the argument, it is actually the conclusion of the argument (since it is what the audience should believe at the end)
• Everything in the argument relates back to the claim, if it doesn't relate it shouldn't be in the paper.
• Answers the question "what is the author trying to prove? what is the bottom line?"
• For Example:

1. You should use a hearing aid.
2. That dog is probably friendly.
3. You should send a birthday card to Mimi.
4. It is your turn to drive.
5. It looks like its going to rain.
6. Needle exchange programs should be abolished.

But I Like Variety

• Toulmin identifies three different types of claims.

1. Claims of fact
2. Claims of judgement/value
3. Claims of policy

• No type of claim is "better" than another (although they will be used differently)

Lets Play Matching

• What kind of claims are these?

1. That dog is probably friendly. (claim of judgement/value)
2. It looks like its going to rain. (fact)
3. Needle exchange programs should be abolished. (policy)

So Then, We're Agreed

• Not quite, you don't get to win without a fight
• Most of the time our perspectives are not immidietly accepted as truths-others will challege our claims forcing us to provide support.
• this is called grounds.

The Grounds

• This is the basis of real persuasion-the evidence/opinions/facts/patterns/examples you've gathered to bolster your claim.
• Answers the question "what information does the author need to prove his points?"

A Stroll Around All the Grounds

Commontypes of argumentive support

• Facts-vivid, real, identifiable, verifiable information
• Opinions- interpritations/reasoning (yours or that of an expert) of relative factual information
• Examples-for clarification and illustration of the facts. Explicitly stated, not infered.

Just the Facts Ma'am

• Obviously, factual data is a powerful argumentive weapon. Wielded against the unarmed, unprepared opponent a barrage of facts can be devastating. (Examples: detiled reports of specific events, statistics, facts)

Simple Examples

• Claim: It looks like it is going to rain.
• Grounds: The berometer is dropping.
• Claim: Needle exhange programs should be abolished.
• Grounds: Influences more drug use.
• By referencing a verifiable data source you can win your argument.

Your Opinion Matters

• You've been given conflicting information one this idea-on the one hand you've been told to express your ideas, while on the other hand you've been told to never use "I"
• Lets agree, opinions cannot exist without facts.
• Opinions are formed from facts, interpretation or misinterpretation
• Most claims involve an expression of interpretation, rather than pure fact.
• Opinions are nessacary as part of arguments grounds.
• Must select meaningful opinions (from oneself or and expert) and consider the audiences ability to distinguish them from hearsay or gossip.

Credibility

• We should trust opinions only of those who are trustworthy.

1. experts
2. authorities
3. endorsers
4. best friends
5. family
6. oneself

• Different arguments call for different sources of opinions

Emma Morton

Class Notes 9/14/09

The Toulmin Model of Argument:

The path to writing better essays.

• Simply put, since the time you started learning about formal writing, you've been working off an exceptionally basic rhetorical model, especially when it comes to your thesis.
• By now you should know that a well thought thesis is essential to the success of an essay.
• Poor essays can usually trace their failures to an inadequate thesis.

Why This Matters?

• Becoming a better writer isn't just about "plugging in" the correct bit- its about truly understanding why the mechanisms of an essay work the way they do.
• You probably don't know what exactly makes a particular thesis sentence "good" or "bad" (How or why they work or don't work)
• The Toulmin Model of Argument is a more complicated process- the thesis becomes more elaborate than the basica theses you've become used to- but mastery of this approach will enable you to write far superior essays (consistently) as well as engage in highly productive rhetorical analyses of the arguments of others.
• It can do so because it is constructed in response to the reality of argument, it denies absolutes in favor of qualifiers (not just a yes or no answer).

Lets Agree,

• On the idea that all verbal communication is persuasive to the same degree.
• Therefore everything uttered is intended to get the listener to believe as the speaker believes.
• If that is true then everything verbal can be analyzed by a model of argumentation.

Kara Schroeder

Class Notes 9/11/09

Mythic Heroic Archetype: Quest for Enlightenment

Mythic #6 (Guides)

• There is a guide or guides.
• Once the hero passes an initiatory test, the guide will be revealed.
• It will usually be a revered but unlikely person offers important advice/tools to the hero.
• Either really old or really young or neither... usually older. Many guides are also blind.
• Ex: Yoda, Gandolf, Oracle (from Matrix)
• These things will be offered ambiguously; their meaning will not be spelled out for the hero.
• Nor will the hero be warned of all the dangers ahead in order to force the use of common sense and allow the hero's group to figure it out for themselves.
• The guide will generally be suspected of having some unknown connection to the opposing forces.
• They always possess great power- but not enough to defeat the enemy, sometimes leave info out. Ex: Darth Vader being Luke's father.

#7 (Descent into Darkness)

• There is a descent into darkness (final battle) (alone)
• Can be literal or figurative darkness, but will always prey upon the fears of the hero.
• Ex: Star Wars- Dark Throne Room, where Luke is usually half lit in the scenes and Darth Vader uses Luke's fear for his sister.
• This is the hero's lowest point.
• The victory of the hero is symbolized by the return to the light, cleansed and renewed (a rebirth of sorts)
• Examples: 1) Huckleberry Finn deciding to rescue Jim. 2) Pinocchio in the belly of the whale. 3) Young Goodman Brown in the dark forest. 4) The gunfight in Highnoon, Shane, or any western. 5) Holden Caulfield coming out of the mummy crypt.
• The darkness usually represents a crisis within the hero.

#8 (Hero's New Found Wisdom)

• There is a difference in the hero after the descent.
• The hero possesses new maturity and wisdom that were not the original object of the Quest.
• The other characters will never fully understand this new knowledge, or that the original "goal" was only a symbol.
• "Good does not destroy evil, evil kills evil, or evil collapses into itself. Good must grow and change itself while evil kills itself."
• ^^ Something Mr. Lazarow said...

#9 (Wounds)

• The hero suffers from a physical wound, and is always less than 100%, usually a reminder of the pain from growing and changing, and can sometimes be a mortal wound.
• The hero may be wounder - or even killed - as part of the process of achieving the goal.
• The hero does not view their own suffering as important, when compared with the value of their new knowledge.

#10 ( Knowledge Passed On)

• The hero's knowledge is brought back to the community.
• The hero returns home, bearing the new found wisdom, in order to teach others what they have learned.
• Or, if the hero has died while achieving the quest, the hero's companions return home to carry on the legacy.
• Ex: Saving Private Ryan, Ryan comes home and shares the wisdom of those who saved him... Ex of a Heroic Death: Maximus from Gladiator.

Hope this covers everything, if anyone has any additional information feel free to comment.

-Matt Mollo

Class Notes 9/10/09

The Heroic Archeytype: Quest for Enlightenment

The Mythic Hero #1
Examples: CONTINUED

D. The Lone Ranger

After the Texas Rangers got ambushed the Lone Ranger is the only one who survives. He jeeps his identity hidden with a black mask over his eyes, making himself even more mysterious. After saving people and fighting crime he gallops off into the sunset.

E. Tormented Vampires

1. Blade- Apregnet women bittin by a vampire thus making her baby nether human nor vampire. Blade is an outcast in society with no real home

2. Angel- He ate a bunch of gypsies and one of them cursed him with a soul. Now that he feels he understands what he has done wrong. Angel doen't belong with vampires because he has a soul, unlike them, and humans shun him. This makes himobscure and without a home.

3. Buffy the Vampire Slayer- Buffy is a teenage girl who was born to be a slayer. Her fate gets in the way of her social life.

F. Luke Skywalker

*George Lucas desingned Luke to be a mythical archetype creature, and based all of Stars Wars on this theroy.

Orphan boy who grows up with his aunt and uncle at moisture farms in backwater world. Isolated and alone from others in society, he doesn't yet know his fate.

G. Huckleberry Finn
A mytserious mythical archetype creature bt choice. Even though he was abandond by his father he's proud to be on the lowest level of society.

The Mythic Hero 1/2 ( in between one and two)

The "Threshold Gaurdian"

*Crossing the threshold- groom carries bride, passing into a new life together. It's symbolic- seprate now together. All heros have the 'call' they need to pass through

1. Hero from outside, has no ties, providing him to act.
2. Hero withinn community must break those ties-or have them broken, sometimes in brutal fashion- before acting.
3. Something has to happen to prompt the hero into action

The Mythic Hero #2

1. A hero always has a weakness, if they didn't the story would not be very interesting
2. Hero is not invincible, but is not a fool
3. But usually possesses great common sense, street smarts, or wisdom
4. Hero may be average in intellect (thus may make mistakes)

EXAMPLES- Pinocchio/lying, Indianna Jones/snakes, Achilles' heel, Superman/kryptonite, Batman/scared psyche, Luke/ypung inexperienced

Odysseus- he has great common sense, described as quick witted, he can respond to pressure. His weakness is his foolishness, and rash sense of pride. When his plan worked blinding Cyclopes to escape out of the cave he shoted his name as they sailed away. Cyclopes reported this to his father and Poseidon prevented Odysseus from returning home.

The Mythic Hero #3

1. The path is not always clear or direct-but there is a goal
2. Hero seeking something that cannot be found, except in 'ailien territory'
3. Herp may know the goal/destination, but doesn't know how to get there or whats involved in the journey

EXAMPLES- Sam andFrodo/destroy ring, Dorothy/follow yellow brick road, Kiro/down river, Rebellio/Death Star

The Mythic Hero 34

1. Journey filled with danger, loneleness, and temptation
2. Hero is facing things they've never dealt with before
3. Burden of quest wearing down on them, and it's one the hero's sholders
4. The hero doesn't want to suffer and take the pain all the time. They are tempted to abandon the quest in order to relieve the suffering that enevitably results

The Mythic Hero #5

1. Ususally the hero is accompanied by friends/servents/disiples
2. These comprades or companions are along to offset loneliness
3. But they don't share or understand the burden that the hero carries
4. All comradesfall away by the end it's the hero's quest and his alone

Sophia Meyers
P.S I'm sorry really sorry this is a day late everybody, I had trouble getting on yesterday

Class Notes 9/9/09 - The Mythic Heroic Archetype

9/9/09

The Mythic Heroic Archetype: Quest for Enlightment
The Western Literary Tradition
English 4

* we would like to believe that human in each region are different but actually we are more similar than different

I. Archetype
A. Formed by repeated expierences in the lives of our ancestors.
- intire history of us as a species - things happen over and over again dating back to our
greatest possible grandmother

B. Inherited in the "collective unconscious" of human race
- concept or theory
- Example of unconcious mind: when you dream
-Collective unconscious(CU): you have an indivdual unconscious but humanity shares an unconcious as humanity continues the pool of the CU continues to grow.

C. Often exposed in myth, religion, dreams, and fantasies, as well as in literature

D. A character type, plot, pattern or description

E. Recours frequently in literature and folklore

F. Thought to evoke profound emotional responses in the reader because it resonates with an image already exsisting in ming
-you are the pond or the bell - the story is the rock or hammer
-means something because inside the CU which is in you-all the story did was bring it out we are all connected.

G. Karl Jung - thought of the CU theory - believed certain subconscious pyschological urges and insticts manifest themselves in fantasies and reveal their presence through symbolic motifs
-stories we tell reveal whats going on inside of us not just as indviduals but together

H. These "forms or images...occur practically all over the world as constituents of myths."
-stories don't change just the names of characters change but the stories at the core are all the same
-proof of universal model for which we work

I. As forms rise out of the unconscious mind in dreams and myths archetypes might appear as characters-princesses, knights, dragons-who help or hinder the "hero" on path to enlightenment

J. Or Many show up as archetypal images- a squence of events a certain kind of place or talismanic object
-rubby slippers, swords in stones, magic rings
-try to get inside of us resonate

K. In the stories that speak to us most deeply these elements remain remarkably constant. The activities, communications, and adventures in which the mythic hero participates the places the hero visits from the enchanted castle to the magic mountain in the darkest cavern all these appear over and over agian in myths from around the world.

II. ARCHETYPE EXAMPLES

A. Journey Quest
-point A to point B
-Life to death
-Everyones goals are centered around getting from point A to point B and trying to accomplish those goals.

B. Rite of Passage
-drivers license
*show maturity
-Conformation or Bar/Baht Mitzvah
-Turning 21 or 18
-Graduating
-One phase of exsistance to another phase
-challenges you endure to make something more
-childhood to adult hood

C. Loss of/Search for Eden
-there is paradise we lost or we are looking for it
-there is paradise we never had it we look for it

D. Grow through conflict
-suffering produces gain
-"no pain no gain"

E. Nature/Life cycle
-nature cycle -seasons
-life cycle-birth and death: mortality

F. Religion/Search for God or personal code
-bad guys viewed as good guys example-The Godfather-the family although involved in a dirty business has honor and adherence-family they have a personal code.
-strving to search for personal code

G. Reconcilliation of Opposites
-Love/hate
-heaven/hell
-allienation/redemption
-male/female
-balance the forces oposition want life to be in balance

III. ARCHETYPE
A. As we watch this conflict unfold we find the germs of meaning that can help us make sense of our own lives.
-we don't need to expierence things to learn from them. Thats why the stories continue to be told.

IV. THE MYTHIC HERO #1

A. Hero has obscure/mysterious background
-The hero is either someone from outside of community
-Or within a community but possessing a hidden difference

EXAMPLES
A. Superman
-Kal-El comes from planet Krypton and protects people of metropolis as "superman". Earths yellow sun endows him with powers far beyond those of mortal men. He lives under the assumed identity of Clark Kent mid-mannered reporter for the Daily Planet.
*outsider in alter -ego
*outsider as superman
*pretends to be a member of society but everyone wonders about this akward man.

B. Batman
-Bruce Wayne-is Gotham City billionare playboy, heir to the Wayne family fortune. Psychologically damages as a result of witnessing the murder of his parents he creates the atler-ego of the night stalking vigilante Batman-The Dark Knight
*outsider-rich not like everyone else
*outsider to law vigilante is agianst the law
*outsider-psychologically screwed up

C. Ironman
Tony Stark another genius playboy billonaire-but not quite as philanthropic as the Wayne family. (tony's fortune made through manufacturing weapons) Mortally wounded when weapons he designed are used against him, he invents a new power source to assits his damaged heart then creates an armored weapon-packed flying battle suit with which to battle evil






Kiera McGroarty
9/9/09